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Glob matching for javascript/node.js. A drop-in replacement and faster alternative to minimatch and multimatch.
Please consider following this project's author, Jon Schlinkert, and consider starring the project to show your :heart: and support.
Details
Install with npm:
$ npm install --save micromatch
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm(list, patterns[, options]);
The main export takes a list of strings and one or more glob patterns:
console.log(mm(['foo', 'bar', 'qux'], ['f*', 'b*']));
//=> ['foo', 'bar']
Use .isMatch() to get true/false:
console.log(mm.isMatch('foo', 'f*'));
//=> true
Switching from minimatch and multimatch is easy!
micromatch is a drop-in replacement for minimatch and multimatch
**
, *.js
)'!a/*.js'
, '*!(b).js']
)+(x|y)
, !(a|b)
)[[:alpha:][:digit:]]
)foo/{1..5}.md
, bar/{a,b,c}.js
)foo-[1-5].js
)foo/(abc|xyz).js
)You can mix and match these features to create whatever patterns you need!
There is one notable difference between micromatch and minimatch in regards to how backslashes are handled. See the notes about backslashes for more information.
Use mm.isMatch() instead of minimatch()
:
mm.isMatch('foo', 'b*');
//=> false
Use mm.match() instead of minimatch.match()
:
mm.match(['foo', 'bar'], 'b*');
//=> 'bar'
Same signature:
mm(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], ['f*', '*z']);
//=> ['foo', 'baz']
The main function takes a list of strings and one or more glob patterns to use for matching.
Params
list
{Array}: A list of strings to matchpatterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Array}: Returns an array of matchesExample
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm(list, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm(['a.js', 'a.txt'], ['*.js']));
//=> [ 'a.js' ]
Similar to the main function, but pattern
must be a string.
Params
list
{Array}: Array of strings to matchpattern
{String}: Glob pattern to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Array}: Returns an array of matchesExample
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.match(list, pattern[, options]);
console.log(mm.match(['a.a', 'a.aa', 'a.b', 'a.c'], '*.a'));
//=> ['a.a', 'a.aa']
Returns true if the specified string
matches the given glob pattern
.
Params
string
{String}: String to matchpattern
{String}: Glob pattern to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if the string matches the glob pattern.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.isMatch(string, pattern[, options]);
console.log(mm.isMatch('a.a', '*.a'));
//=> true
console.log(mm.isMatch('a.b', '*.a'));
//=> false
Returns true if some of the strings in the given list
match any of the given glob patterns
.
Params
list
{String|Array}: The string or array of strings to test. Returns as soon as the first match is found.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if any patterns match str
Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.some(list, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm.some(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// true
console.log(mm.some(['foo.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false
Returns true if every string in the given list
matches any of the given glob patterns
.
Params
list
{String|Array}: The string or array of strings to test.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if any patterns match str
Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.every(list, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm.every('foo.js', ['foo.js']));
// true
console.log(mm.every(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js']));
// true
console.log(mm.every(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false
console.log(mm.every(['foo.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false
Returns true if any of the given glob patterns
match the specified string
.
Params
str
{String|Array}: The string to test.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if any patterns match str
Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.any(string, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm.any('a.a', ['b.*', '*.a']));
//=> true
console.log(mm.any('a.a', 'b.*'));
//=> false
Returns true if all of the given patterns
match the specified string.
Params
str
{String|Array}: The string to test.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if any patterns match str
Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.all(string, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm.all('foo.js', ['foo.js']));
// true
console.log(mm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false
console.log(mm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', 'foo.js']));
// true
console.log(mm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', 'f*', '*o*', '*o.js']));
// true
Returns a list of strings that do not match any of the given patterns
.
Params
list
{Array}: Array of strings to match.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob pattern to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Array}: Returns an array of strings that do not match the given patterns.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.not(list, patterns[, options]);
console.log(mm.not(['a.a', 'b.b', 'c.c'], '*.a'));
//=> ['b.b', 'c.c']
Returns true if the given string
contains the given pattern. Similar to .isMatch but the pattern can match any part of the string.
Params
str
{String}: The string to match.patterns
{String|Array}: Glob pattern to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns true if the patter matches any part of str
.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.contains(string, pattern[, options]);
console.log(mm.contains('aa/bb/cc', '*b'));
//=> true
console.log(mm.contains('aa/bb/cc', '*d'));
//=> false
Filter the keys of the given object with the given glob
pattern and options
. Does not attempt to match nested keys. If you need this feature, use glob-object instead.
Params
object
{Object}: The object with keys to filter.patterns
{String|Array}: One or more glob patterns to use for matching.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Object}: Returns an object with only keys that match the given patterns.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.matchKeys(object, patterns[, options]);
var obj = { aa: 'a', ab: 'b', ac: 'c' };
console.log(mm.matchKeys(obj, '*b'));
//=> { ab: 'b' }
Returns a memoized matcher function from the given glob pattern
and options
. The returned function takes a string to match as its only argument and returns true if the string is a match.
Params
pattern
{String}: Glob patternoptions
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performed.returns
{Function}: Returns a matcher function.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.matcher(pattern[, options]);
var isMatch = mm.matcher('*.!(*a)');
console.log(isMatch('a.a'));
//=> false
console.log(isMatch('a.b'));
//=> true
Returns an array of matches captured by pattern
in string, or
null` if the pattern did not match.
Params
pattern
{String}: Glob pattern to use for matching.string
{String}: String to matchoptions
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performedreturns
{Boolean}: Returns an array of captures if the string matches the glob pattern, otherwise null
.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.capture(pattern, string[, options]);
console.log(mm.capture('test/*.js', 'test/foo.js'));
//=> ['foo']
console.log(mm.capture('test/*.js', 'foo/bar.css'));
//=> null
Create a regular expression from the given glob pattern
.
Params
pattern
{String}: A glob pattern to convert to regex.options
{Object}: See available options for changing how matches are performed.returns
{RegExp}: Returns a regex created from the given pattern.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.makeRe(pattern[, options]);
console.log(mm.makeRe('*.js'));
//=> /^(?:(\.[\\\/])?(?!\.)(?=.)[^\/]*?\.js)$/
Expand the given brace pattern
.
Params
pattern
{String}: String with brace pattern to expand.options
{Object}: Any options to change how expansion is performed. See the braces library for all available options.returns
{Array}Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
console.log(mm.braces('foo/{a,b}/bar'));
//=> ['foo/(a|b)/bar']
console.log(mm.braces('foo/{a,b}/bar', {expand: true}));
//=> ['foo/(a|b)/bar']
Parses the given glob pattern
and returns an array of abstract syntax trees (ASTs), with the compiled output
and optional source map
on each AST.
Params
pattern
{String}: Glob pattern to parse and compile.options
{Object}: Any options to change how parsing and compiling is performed.returns
{Object}: Returns an object with the parsed AST, compiled string and optional source map.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.create(pattern[, options]);
console.log(mm.create('abc/*.js'));
// [{ options: { source: 'string', sourcemap: true },
// state: {},
// compilers:
// { ... },
// output: '(\\.[\\\\\\/])?abc\\/(?!\\.)(?=.)[^\\/]*?\\.js',
// ast:
// { type: 'root',
// errors: [],
// nodes:
// [ ... ],
// dot: false,
// input: 'abc/*.js' },
// parsingErrors: [],
// map:
// { version: 3,
// sources: [ 'string' ],
// names: [],
// mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,kBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
// sourcesContent: [ 'abc/*.js' ] },
// position: { line: 1, column: 28 },
// content: {},
// files: {},
// idx: 6 }]
Parse the given str
with the given options
.
Params
str
{String}options
{Object}returns
{Object}: Returns an ASTExample
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.parse(pattern[, options]);
var ast = mm.parse('a/{b,c}/d');
console.log(ast);
// { type: 'root',
// errors: [],
// input: 'a/{b,c}/d',
// nodes:
// [ { type: 'bos', val: '' },
// { type: 'text', val: 'a/' },
// { type: 'brace',
// nodes:
// [ { type: 'brace.open', val: '{' },
// { type: 'text', val: 'b,c' },
// { type: 'brace.close', val: '}' } ] },
// { type: 'text', val: '/d' },
// { type: 'eos', val: '' } ] }
Compile the given ast
or string with the given options
.
Params
ast
{Object|String}options
{Object}returns
{Object}: Returns an object that has an output
property with the compiled string.Example
var mm = require('micromatch');
mm.compile(ast[, options]);
var ast = mm.parse('a/{b,c}/d');
console.log(mm.compile(ast));
// { options: { source: 'string' },
// state: {},
// compilers:
// { eos: [Function],
// noop: [Function],
// bos: [Function],
// brace: [Function],
// 'brace.open': [Function],
// text: [Function],
// 'brace.close': [Function] },
// output: [ 'a/(b|c)/d' ],
// ast:
// { ... },
// parsingErrors: [] }
Clear the regex cache.
Example
mm.clearCache();
Allow glob patterns without slashes to match a file path based on its basename. Same behavior as minimatch option matchBase
.
Type: Boolean
Default: false
Example
mm(['a/b.js', 'a/c.md'], '*.js');
//=> []
mm(['a/b.js', 'a/c.md'], '*.js', {matchBase: true});
//=> ['a/b.js']
Enabled by default, this option enforces bash-like behavior with stars immediately following a bracket expression. Bash bracket expressions are similar to regex character classes, but unlike regex, a star following a bracket expression does not repeat the bracketed characters. Instead, the star is treated the same as an other star.
Type: Boolean
Default: true
Example
var files = ['abc', 'ajz'];
console.log(mm(files, '[a-c]*'));
//=> ['abc', 'ajz']
console.log(mm(files, '[a-c]*', {bash: false}));
Disable regex and function memoization.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Match dotfiles. Same behavior as minimatch option dot
.
Type: Boolean
Default: false
Similar to the --failglob
behavior in Bash, throws an error when no matches are found.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
String or array of glob patterns to match files to ignore.
Type: String|Array
Default: undefined
Alias for options.basename.
Disable expansion of brace patterns. Same behavior as minimatch option nobrace
.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
See braces for more information about extended brace expansion.
Use a case-insensitive regex for matching files. Same behavior as minimatch.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Remove duplicate elements from the result array.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Example
Example of using the unescape
and nodupes
options together:
mm.match(['a/b/c', 'a/b/c'], 'a/b/c');
//=> ['a/b/c', 'a/b/c']
mm.match(['a/b/c', 'a/b/c'], 'a/b/c', {nodupes: true});
//=> ['abc']
Disable extglob support, so that extglobs are regarded as literal characters.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Examples
mm(['a/z', 'a/b', 'a/!(z)'], 'a/!(z)');
//=> ['a/b', 'a/!(z)']
mm(['a/z', 'a/b', 'a/!(z)'], 'a/!(z)', {noext: true});
//=> ['a/!(z)'] (matches only as literal characters)
Disallow negation (!
) patterns, and treat leading !
as a literal character to match.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Disable matching with globstars (**
).
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
mm(['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d'], 'a/**');
//=> ['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d']
mm(['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d'], 'a/**', {noglobstar: true});
//=> ['a/b']
Alias for options.nullglob.
If true
, when no matches are found the actual (arrayified) glob pattern is returned instead of an empty array. Same behavior as minimatch option nonull
.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Pass your own instance of snapdragon, to customize parsers or compilers.
Type: Object
Default: undefined
Generate a source map by enabling the sourcemap
option with the .parse
, .compile
, or .create
methods.
(Note that sourcemaps are currently not enabled for brace patterns)
Examples
var mm = require('micromatch');
var pattern = '*(*(of*(a)x)z)';
var res = mm.create('abc/*.js', {sourcemap: true});
console.log(res.map);
// { version: 3,
// sources: [ 'string' ],
// names: [],
// mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,iBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
// sourcesContent: [ 'abc/*.js' ] }
var ast = mm.parse('abc/**/*.js');
var res = mm.compile(ast, {sourcemap: true});
console.log(res.map);
// { version: 3,
// sources: [ 'string' ],
// names: [],
// mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,2BAAE,EAAC,iBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
// sourcesContent: [ 'abc/**/*.js' ] }
var ast = mm.parse(pattern);
var res = mm.compile(ast, {sourcemap: true});
console.log(res.map);
// { version: 3,
// sources: [ 'string' ],
// names: [],
// mappings: 'AAAA,CAAE,CAAE,EAAE,CAAE,CAAC,EAAC,CAAC,EAAC,CAAC,EAAC',
// sourcesContent: [ '*(*(of*(a)x)z)' ] }
Remove backslashes from returned matches.
Type: Boolean
Default: undefined
Example
In this example we want to match a literal *
:
mm.match(['abc', 'a\\*c'], 'a\\*c');
//=> ['a\\*c']
mm.match(['abc', 'a\\*c'], 'a\\*c', {unescape: true});
//=> ['a*c']
Convert path separators on returned files to posix/unix-style forward slashes.
Type: Boolean
Default: true
on windows, false
everywhere else
Example
mm.match(['a\\b\\c'], 'a/**');
//=> ['a/b/c']
mm.match(['a\\b\\c'], {unixify: false});
//=> ['a\\b\\c']
Micromatch also supports extended globbing features.
Extended globbing, as described by the bash man page:
| pattern | regex equivalent | description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ?(pattern)
| (pattern)?
| Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns |
| *(pattern)
| (pattern)*
| Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns |
| +(pattern)
| (pattern)+
| Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns |
| @(pattern)
| (pattern)
* | Matches one of the given patterns |
| !(pattern)
| N/A (equivalent regex is much more complicated) | Matches anything except one of the given patterns |
* Note that @
isn't a RegEx character.
Powered by extglob. Visit that library for the full range of options or to report extglob related issues.
Brace patterns can be used to match specific ranges or sets of characters. For example, the pattern */{1..3}/*
would match any of following strings:
foo/1/bar
foo/2/bar
foo/3/bar
baz/1/qux
baz/2/qux
baz/3/qux
Visit braces to see the full range of features and options related to brace expansion, or to create brace matching or expansion related issues.
Given the list: ['a.js', 'b.js', 'c.js', 'd.js', 'E.js']
:
[ac].js
: matches both a
and c
, returning ['a.js', 'c.js']
[b-d].js
: matches from b
to d
, returning ['b.js', 'c.js', 'd.js']
[b-d].js
: matches from b
to d
, returning ['b.js', 'c.js', 'd.js']
a/[A-Z].js
: matches and uppercase letter, returning ['a/E.md']
Learn about regex character classes.
Given ['a.js', 'b.js', 'c.js', 'd.js', 'E.js']
:
(a|c).js
: would match either a
or c
, returning ['a.js', 'c.js']
(b|d).js
: would match either b
or d
, returning ['b.js', 'd.js']
(b|[A-Z]).js
: would match either b
or an uppercase letter, returning ['b.js', 'E.js']
As with regex, parens can be nested, so patterns like ((a|b)|c)/b
will work. Although brace expansion might be friendlier to use, depending on preference.
POSIX brackets are intended to be more user-friendly than regex character classes. This of course is in the eye of the beholder.
Example
mm.isMatch('a1', '[[:alpha:][:digit:]]');
//=> true
mm.isMatch('a1', '[[:alpha:][:alpha:]]');
//=> false
See expand-brackets for more information about bracket expressions.
Whenever possible matching behavior is based on behavior Bash 4.3, which is mostly consistent with minimatch.
However, it's suprising how many edge cases and rabbit holes there are with glob matching, and since there is no real glob specification, and micromatch is more accurate than both Bash and minimatch, there are cases where best-guesses were made for behavior. In a few cases where Bash had no answers, we used wildmatch (used by git) as a fallback.
There is an important, notable difference between minimatch and micromatch in regards to how backslashes are handled in glob patterns.
We made this decision for micromatch for a couple of reasons:
A note about joining paths to globs
Note that when you pass something like path.join('foo', '*')
to micromatch, you are creating a filepath and expecting it to still work as a glob pattern. This causes problems on windows, since the path.sep
is \\
.
In other words, since \\
is reserved as an escape character in globs, on windows path.join('foo', '*')
would result in foo\\*
, which tells micromatch to match *
as a literal character. This is the same behavior as bash.
All contributions are welcome! Please read the contributing guide to get started.
Bug reports
Please create an issue if you encounter a bug or matching behavior that doesn't seem correct. If you find a matching-related issue, please:
Platform issues
It's important to us that micromatch work consistently on all platforms. If you encounter any platform-specific matching or path related issues, please let us know (pull requests are also greatly appreciated).
Install dev dependencies:
npm i -d && npm run benchmark
As of February 18, 2018 (longer bars are better):
# braces-globstar-large-list (485691 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (517 ops/sec ±0.49%)
minimatch █ (18.92 ops/sec ±0.54%)
multimatch █ (18.94 ops/sec ±0.62%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 2,733%
# braces-multiple (3362 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (33,625 ops/sec ±0.45%)
minimatch (2.92 ops/sec ±3.26%)
multimatch (2.90 ops/sec ±2.76%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 1,156,935%
# braces-range (727 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (155,220 ops/sec ±0.56%)
minimatch ██████ (20,186 ops/sec ±1.27%)
multimatch ██████ (19,809 ops/sec ±0.60%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 776%
# braces-set (2858 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (24,354 ops/sec ±0.92%)
minimatch █████ (2,566 ops/sec ±0.56%)
multimatch ████ (2,431 ops/sec ±1.25%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 975%
# globstar-large-list (485686 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (504 ops/sec ±0.45%)
minimatch ███ (33.36 ops/sec ±1.08%)
multimatch ███ (33.19 ops/sec ±1.35%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 1,514%
# globstar-long-list (90647 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (2,694 ops/sec ±1.08%)
minimatch ████████████████ (870 ops/sec ±1.09%)
multimatch ████████████████ (862 ops/sec ±0.84%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 311%
# globstar-short-list (182 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (328,921 ops/sec ±1.06%)
minimatch █████████ (64,808 ops/sec ±1.42%)
multimatch ████████ (57,991 ops/sec ±2.11%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 536%
# no-glob (701 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (415,935 ops/sec ±0.36%)
minimatch ███████████ (92,730 ops/sec ±1.44%)
multimatch █████████ (81,958 ops/sec ±2.13%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 476%
# star-basename-long (12339 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (7,963 ops/sec ±0.36%)
minimatch ███████████████████████████████ (5,072 ops/sec ±0.83%)
multimatch ███████████████████████████████ (5,028 ops/sec ±0.40%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 158%
# star-basename-short (349 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (269,552 ops/sec ±0.70%)
minimatch ██████████████████████ (122,457 ops/sec ±1.39%)
multimatch ████████████████████ (110,788 ops/sec ±1.99%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 231%
# star-folder-long (19207 bytes)
micromatch █████████████████████████████████████████████████ (3,806 ops/sec ±0.38%)
minimatch ████████████████████████████ (2,204 ops/sec ±0.32%)
multimatch ██████████████████████████ (2,020 ops/sec ±1.07%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 180%
# star-folder-short (551 bytes)
micromatch ██████████████████████████████████████████████████ (249,077 ops/sec ±0.40%)
minimatch ███████████ (59,431 ops/sec ±1.67%)
multimatch ███████████ (55,569 ops/sec ±1.43%)
micromatch is faster by an avg. of 433%
Contributing
Pull requests and stars are always welcome. For bugs and feature requests, please create an issue.
Please read the contributing guide for advice on opening issues, pull requests, and coding standards.
Running Tests
Running and reviewing unit tests is a great way to get familiarized with a library and its API. You can install dependencies and run tests with the following command:
$ npm install && npm test
Building docs
(This project's readme.md is generated by verb, please don't edit the readme directly. Any changes to the readme must be made in the .verb.md readme template.)
To generate the readme, run the following command:
$ npm install -g verbose/verb#dev verb-generate-readme && verb
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Jon Schlinkert
Copyright © 2018, Jon Schlinkert. Released under the MIT License.
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